Hi KB,
You should not use LaserShark laser output channels (A, B, C) to power a laser, even for a low powered module. These outputs are intended to provide only enough current to serve as signal lines.
What you can do is use a piece of wire or a 3-block jumper to connect all three PWR_SEL lines together on the LaserShark. By doing this the EXT_PWR header will serve as a convenient leech point for the USB power.
A USB port on a computer is supposed to provide 500mA of current at 5V. Based on the quality of the computer, this voltage can vary (usually between 4.75v and 5.25v). The LaserShark itself requires ~150mA current so this means you have about 350mA to play with at ~5V.
Where you go from here will be determined by your particular laser unit. (i.e. a diode vs. a unit with an analog/ttl input line, vs a unit that just has power leads.)